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class="headerBottomTime"><span>發布時間：</span><b>2023-06-26</b></p><p class="headerBottomLook"><span>瀏覽次數：</span><b>133</b></p></div><div class="newsIndex_seo_content has_imgs" ><div><img class="zhanwei"/><div class="style_reset self_style"><span style="font-size:16px;"> 廢水中的氮以有機氮、氨氮、亞硝氮和硝酸鹽4種形態存在。傳統生物脫氮技術遵循已發現的自然界氮循環機理，脫氮機理分為氨化，硝化，反硝化。</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align:center;"> <img src="https://img01.71360.com/file/read/www2/M00/38/92/wKj2K2MM3Q6AabH5AD4dcXovPPc409.jpg" title="微信圖片_202007170755545.jpg" align="" alt="微信圖片_202007170755545.jpg" width="500" /> </div> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>一、氨化作用</strong></span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 有機氮化合物在氨化菌作用下，分解轉化為氨氮，稱為“氨化作用”。氨化作用是脫出羧基和氨基的過程。 </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 氨化菌是異養菌（需要一定碳源），有好氧菌、兼性菌和厭氧菌，因此有機氮很容易被氨化。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"></span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>二、硝化作用</strong></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 1、亞硝酸菌利用氧將氨氮轉化為亞硝酸氮；</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 2、硝酸菌利用氧將亞硝酸氮轉化為硝酸氮，這一過程統稱硝化。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> （1）硝化過程</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 亞硝酸菌和硝酸菌均為化能自養菌，統稱硝化細菌。屬革蘭氏染色陰性、不生芽孢的短干菌和球菌，以CO2為碳源，從無機物的氧化中獲取能量。生長速率很低（因為NH4+-N和NO2--N氧化過程產能底）。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> （2）影響硝化反應的環境因素</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 溫度：影響硝化細菌的比增長速率，及活性。一般4—45℃，很好30℃。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 溶解氧：硝化細菌——好氧菌，DO影響反應速率和細菌增長速度。一般DO≥2mg/L。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 堿度和pH：如反應式，硝化過程產生[H+]，消耗堿度，pH會下降。硝化細菌對pH相當敏感（亞硝酸菌pH=7.7—8.1活性很強，硝酸菌pH=7.0—7.8活性很強），pH不適宜時活性急劇下降，pH值波動是致命的。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> C/N比：硝化細菌比增速率很慢，比其它異養菌底一個數量級，污水中的C/N過高（COD/TKN=10—15），對硝化細菌基質競爭不利。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 泥齡：短時易被洗脫排出。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 有毒物質：常規毒物對其有害，氨及亞硝酸對其也有毒性，消化污泥上清液回流水就抑制活性20%左右。</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>三、反硝化作用</strong></span><br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 在缺氧/厭氧條件下，兼性異養菌將硝酸氮又轉化為亞硝酸氮、繼而還原為氮氣（N2、N2O、NO）釋放出來，這一階段使氮脫除，叫反硝化。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">（1）反硝化過程</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">反硝化細菌—異養兼性厭氧菌，自然界很多。包括變形桿菌、假單胞桿菌、小球菌。在有分子氧（O2）存在時，利用O2呼吸降解有機物，無O2時利用NO2-、NO3-作為電子受體。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">NOx-N的還原包括同化作用（合成細胞）和異化作用（分解脫氮為N2），異化反硝化為主，占到總脫氮量的70—75%。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;">（2）影響反硝化反應的環境因素</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 溶解氧：抑制反硝化菌活性，與硝態氮競爭電子供體。一般DO＜0.3mg/L。另外，反硝化菌體內某些酶只有在有氧條件下合成，所以要求好氧厭氧交替工作。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 堿度和pH：反硝化過程產生[OH-]，積累堿度，正好補充硝化過程中消耗的堿度。反硝化細菌對pH也敏感，適宜pH=7.0—7.5活性很強，pH不適宜時活性下降，pH值波動是致命的。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 碳源有機物：有機物是反硝化反應的碳源，也是電子供體，消耗量很大。要求原水中提供或人工加入。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> C/N比：理論上，還原1g硝酸氮——需要碳源2.86g（BOD5），一般原水中的都不夠。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 有毒物質：反硝化細菌抗毒性能力＞硝化細菌，與一般好氧異養菌相同。所以毒性瓶頸在消化過程。</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>四、污水生物脫氮的基本條件</strong></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 對于生物脫氮所需要具備的基本條件：</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> C/N比值是判別能否有效脫氮的重要指標。從理論上講，C/N≥2.86就能進行生物脫氮，但一般認為，C/N≥3.5才能進行有效脫氮。</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 要達到生物脫氮的目的，完全硝化是先決條件，充足的碳源是基本保障。</span><br /> <br /> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"> 首先硝化得進行，至于反硝化，碳源是關鍵。還有回流比、缺氧池的大小等。</span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"><br /> </span> </p> <p> <span style="font-size:16px;"> </span><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:2;">以上就是本期生物脫氮機理的</span><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:2;">相關講解，希望可以幫助到您！蘇州一清環?？萍加邢薰臼且患易灾餮邪l的高科技公司，公司自成立以來一直從事水處理相關技術及設備的研究開發</span><strong style="font-size:16px;"><span style="line-height:2;">（包括紫外高效降維系統、紫外高級氧化技術、高效脫氮技術、氨水氨氮回收、中水回用等）</span></strong><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:2;">；污水處理工程的技術指導，設計，安裝調試，運營以及項目EPC/BOT服務；配套藥劑的研發，制造，銷售。蘇州一清環保幫助企業解決了棘手的環保達標問題，得到了廣大使用客戶高度的認可。期待您的合作咨詢 !</span><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:2;"></span> </p></div><div style="float: right;margin-top: 20px;" class="articleSource"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="layrow " id="u545470" ><div class="laybox general_model" style="width: 1300px;"><div class="module" id="u281993" ><ul class="page_ul clearfix"><li style=" position: absolute;"><a href="/article-item-156.html" title="蘇州一清：紫外高級氧化技術的應用領域和高難廢水預處理">蘇州一清：紫外高級氧化技術的應用領域和高難廢水預處理</a><span>上一個：</span></li><li style="position: absolute;"><a href="/article-item-154.html" title="蘇州一清：高鹽高COD有機廢水有什么新的解決辦法嗎？">蘇州一清：高鹽高COD有機廢水有什么新的解決辦法嗎？</a><span>下一個：</span></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="layrow " id="u289765" ><div class="laybox general_model" style="width: 1300px;"><div class="module" 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